Locomotive engine driving ; a practical manual for engineers in charge of locomotive engines by Reynolds Michael 1840-

Author:Reynolds, Michael, 1840-
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Tags: Locomotives, Locomotive engineers
Publisher: London : Crosby Lockwood
Published: 1888-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

sure at tBe mud-hole; when the water, under hydrostatic pressure, at once rushes out at the mud-hole. Once more: when the steam in a locomotive boiler, with a tight regulator and whistle, is dropped—converted again to water—there is a vacuum formed above the water, that is, a space with nothing in it; and if the feed-pipes are opened the water from the tender will actually run into the boiler and fill it. This is caused by the atmospheric pressure of 15 lbs. per square inch acting on the surface of the water in the tender, against the non-resisting vacuum in the boiler. The axiom that " Nature abhors a vacuum " is here fully illustrated.

The elasticity of air is proved by its rushing out of the pet-pipe, or by its rushing into the boiler when the regulator is open.

Again, when a boiler has been filled up with water, and the regulator and the whistle have been closed, if the whistle be opened shortly after the fire is lighted in the fire-box, the air, hitherto confined, rushes out, and, if the pressure be sufficient, sounds the whistle. That it is not steam may be proved by placing the hand near it; it will be sometimes very cold, although the chill is ofi* the water. How is this? When the boiler is partly full of cold water, and the regulator, &c., shut tight, the heat that is communicated to the water is partly transmitted to and raises the temperature of the air, at the same time that the water, by its expansion, compresses the air into a smaller volume. The result is that the pressure of the air is raised above atmospheric pressure. This is a proof of the compressibility as well as the elasticity of air. Or it may be proved thus : Shut the regulator of an empty boiler full of air.

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